MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARDA KAMQONLIK VA ORTIQCHA VAZN MUAMMOLARI: DOLZARBLIK VA PROFILAKTIKA YO‘NALISHLARI
- Авторы:Avezova Guloyim Sattarovna. Quldasheva Maxliyoxon Mirzarayimovna
- Дата публикации:December 1, 2025
- Тип:Статья
- DOI: 10.64156/mju.8738 Скопировано
- Том / № Выпуска:Toм 1_6_Спец выпуск 2025
Аннотация
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda uchrayotgan kamqonlik (anemiya) va ortiqcha tana massasi (semizlik) muammolari o‘rganildi. So‘nggi yillarda o‘tkazilgan xalqaro va mahalliy tadqiqotlar tahlili asosida ushbu kasalliklarning asosiy etiologik omillari, tarqalish ko‘rsatkichlari va profilaktik yo‘nalishlari yoritilgan. Maqola natijalariga ko‘ra, kamqonlikning asosiy sabablari temir, folat va B12 vitamini tanqisligi bo‘lsa, ortiqcha vazn yuqori kaloriyali, ammo biologik jihatdan past mahsulotlar iste’moli va jismoniy faollikning kamayishi bilan bog‘liq. Tadqiqotda 2015–2024 yillar oralig‘ida e’lon qilingan 15 ta ilmiy manbalar tahlil qilinib, bolalarda ozuqaviy disbalansning erta aniqlanishi va profilaktikasida hamshiralik xizmatining roli ta’kidlangan.
Kalit so‘zlar: maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar, kamqonlik, semizlik, ovqatlanish, profilaktika, hamshiralik faoliyati.
Аннотация. В статье рассмотрены вопросы распространённости анемии и избыточной массы тела у детей дошкольного возраста. На основе анализа международных и отечественных исследований за 2015–2024 годы выделены основные этиологические факторы, социально-гигиенические причины и последствия данных состояний. Установлено, что железодефицитная анемия остаётся наиболее частой формой нутритивных нарушений, а ожирение связано с избыточным употреблением высококалорийных продуктов и снижением физической активности. Авторы подчёркивают важность раннего выявления, профилактики и роли сестринской службы в укреплении здоровья детей.
Ключевые слова: дети дошкольного возраста, анемия, ожирение, питание, профилактика, сестринская помощь.
Abstract. This article analyzes the growing problems of anemia and overweight among preschool children based on a systematic review of international and national studies published between 2015 and 2024. The paper highlights the main etiological factors, nutritional imbalances, and preventive approaches related to these conditions. Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiencies remain the primary causes of anemia, while overweight is associated with high-calorie but nutrient-poor diets and reduced physical activity. The results emphasize the importance of early detection, nutritional education, and the active role of nursing professionals in prevention and health promotion among children.
Keywords: preschool children, anemia, overweight, nutrition, prevention, nursing care.
References
- 1. Black M.M. Micronutrient deficiencies and cognitive functioning. J Nutr. 2003;133(11 Suppl 2):3927S–3932S. PubMed+1
- 2. Brown T., et al. Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;(7):CD001871. PubMed+1
- 3. GBD 2021 Anaemia Collaborators. Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990–2021. Lancet Haematology. 2023;10(9):e713–e734. PubMed
- 4. Grantham-McGregor S., et al. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. The Lancet. 2007;369(9555):60–70. The Lancet+1
- 5. Hesketh K.D., Lakshman R. Interventions to prevent obesity in 0–5-year-olds: update review. Prev Med. 2010;51(3-4): [review]. PubMed
- 6. Kumar A., et al. Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management. Postgrad Med J / BMJ (review). 2022;98(1162): [PMC8744124]. PMC
- 7. Michalopoulou S., et al. Assessing the impact of obesity interventions in the early years: systematic review. BMJ Open. 2024;14:e076479. bmjopen.bmj.com 8. Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan; UNICEF. Uzbekistan Nutrition Survey Report. Tashkent; 2019. groundworkhealth.org+1
- 9. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016. The Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2627–2642. The Lancet+2PubMed+2
- 10. Pasricha S-R., Tye-Din J., Muckenthaler M.U., Swinkels D.W. Iron deficiency. The Lancet. 2021;397(10270):233–248. The Lancet
- 11. UNICEF. The State of the World’s Children 2019: Children, Food and Nutrition. New York: UNICEF; 2019. 258 p. ЮНИСЕФ+2ЮНИСЕФ+2