АНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОБЛЕМЫ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
- Авторы:Бабаджанова Фарида Умаровна
- Дата публикации:January 14, 2026
- Тип:Статья
- DOI: 10.64156/mju.8931 Скопировано
- Том / № Выпуска:Том 1 №1 (2026)
Аннотация
Аннотация. Антибиотикорезистентность является одной из ключевых проблем современной медицины и общественного здравоохранения, приводя к снижению эффективности антибактериальной терапии, усложнению лечения инфекционных заболеваний и увеличению нагрузки на системы здравоохранения. Несмотря на развитие эпидемиологического надзора и внедрение принципов рационального применения антибиотиков, распространённость резистентных штаммов продолжает расти.
В обзоре систематизированы данные о современных эпидемиологических тенденциях антибиотикорезистентности, региональных особенностях её формирования и роли клинических практик назначения антибактериальных препаратов. Рассмотрены клинические и социально-экономические последствия инфекций, вызванных устойчивыми микроорганизмами, а также основные направления противодействия антибиотикорезистентности, включая программы антимикробного стюардшипа и альтернативные антимикробные стратегии.
Ключевые слова: антибиотикорезистентность, антимикробная терапия, рациональное применение антибиотиков, мультирезистентные микроорганизмы, эпидемиологический надзор, альтернативные антимикробные стратегии.
Annotatsiya. Antibiotiklarga chidamlilik zamonaviy tibbiyot va jamoat salomatligining muhim muammolaridan biri bo‘lib, antibakterial terapiya samaradorligining pasayishiga, yuqumli kasalliklarni davolashning murakkablashishiga va sog‘liqni saqlash tizimlariga yuklamaning ortishiga olib keladi. Epidemiologik nazorat tizimlarining rivojlanishi va antibiotiklardan oqilona foydalanish tamoyillarining joriy etilishiga qaramay, rezistent shtammlarning tarqalishi davom etmoqda.
Ushbu sharhda antibiotiklarga chidamlilikning zamonaviy epidemiologik tendensiyalari, uning shakllanishidagi mintaqaviy xususiyatlar va antibakterial preparatlarni buyurish bo‘yicha klinik amaliyotlarning roli tizimlashtirilgan. Rezistent mikroorganizmlar chaqirgan infeksiyalarning klinik va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy oqibatlari, shuningdek antibiotiklarga chidamlilikka qarshi kurashishning asosiy yo‘nalishlari, jumladan antimikrob styuardship dasturlari va muqobil antimikrob strategiyalar ko‘rib chiqilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar: antibiotiklarga chidamlilik; antimikrob terapiya; antibiotiklardan oqilona foydalanish; ko‘p dori vositalariga chidamli mikroorganizmlar; epidemiologik nazorat; muqobil antimikrob strategiyalar.
Abstract. Antibiotic resistance is one of the key challenges in modern medicine and public health, leading to reduced effectiveness of antibacterial therapy, increased complexity of managing infectious diseases, and a growing burden on healthcare systems. Despite the development of epidemiological surveillance and the implementation of principles of rational antibiotic use, the prevalence of resistant strains continues to increase.
This review systematizes data on current epidemiological trends in antibiotic resistance, regional features of its development, and the role of clinical antibiotic prescribing practices. Clinical and socio-economic consequences of infections caused by resistant microorganisms are discussed, along with major approaches to counteracting antibiotic resistance, including antimicrobial stewardship programs and alternative antimicrobial strategies.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial therapy; rational use of antibiotics; multidrug-resistant microorganisms; epidemiological surveillance; alternative antimicrobial strategies.
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