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  • СОСТОЯНИЕ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ И ГИГИЕНЫ ПОЛОСТИ РТА У ДЕТЕЙ С РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ АУТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРА КАК ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ОРАЛЬНОГО ДИСБИОЗА: СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР

СОСТОЯНИЕ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ И ГИГИЕНЫ ПОЛОСТИ РТА У ДЕТЕЙ С РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ АУТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРА КАК ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ОРАЛЬНОГО ДИСБИОЗА: СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР

  • Авторы:Маърупова Нодира
  • Дата публикации:July 20, 2026
  • Тип:
  • DOI: 10.64156/mju.9608
  • Том / № Выпуска:Том 1 №4 (2026)

Аннотация

.Аннотация. Цель исследования: систематически проанализировать взаимосвязь между стоматологическим здоровьем, гигиеной полости рта и изменениями орального микробиома у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС), а также выявить поведенческие и сенсорные детерминанты характерного дисбиотического паттерна. Материалы и методы: систематический поиск проведён в базах данных PubMed, Scopus и Web of Science по состоянию на март 2025 г. Результаты: включены 20 публикаций. Распространённость кариеса при РАС достигает — 60,6%, пародонтита — 69,4%. Дисбиотический паттерн характеризуется повышением Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Rothia и Proteobacteria при одновременном снижении Prevotella, Fusobacterium и Actinomyces. Оральный дисбиоз связан с нейровоспалением через ось «полость рта — головной мозг» (oral-brain axis). Интраназальное введение окситоцина модулирует состав орального микробиома (РКИ, n = 80). Заключение: оральный микробиом при РАС формируется под совокупным влиянием поведенческих, нутритивных и нейробиологических факторов и представляет перспективный диагностический биомаркер и терапевтическую мишень.

Ключевые слова: расстройства аутистического спектра; оральный микробиом; оральный дисбиоз; стоматологическое здоровье; гигиена полости рта; ось «полость рта — мозг»; дети

Annotatsiya. Tadqiqot maqsadi: Аutizm spektri buzilishlari (ASB) bo‘lgan bolalarda stomatologik salomatlik, og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i gigiyenasi va og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i mikrobiomidagi o‘zgarishlar o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni tizimli tahlil qilish hamda xarakterli disbiotik namuning xulq—atvor va sezgi determinantlarini aniqlash. Material va usullar: 2025 yil mart oyigacha PubMed, Scopus va Web of Science ma’lumotlar bazalarida tizimli qidiruv o’tkazildi. Natijalar: 20 ta nashr kiritildi. ASB da karies tarqalishi 60,6% ga, periodontit esa 69,4% ga yetadi. Disbiotik namuna Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Rothia, Proteobacteria ko’payishi va Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces kamayishi bilan tavsiflanadi. Og’iz bo’shlig’i disbiyozi og’iz-miya o’qi (oral-brain axis) orqali neyroinflyamatsiya bilan bog’liq. Burun orqali oksitotsin yuborish og’iz bo’shlig’i mikrobiomi tarkibini modulyatsiya qiladi (tasodifiy nazorat qilingan tadqiqot, n = 80). Xulosa: ASB da og’iz bo’shlig’i mikrobiomi xulq-atvor, nutritiv va neyrobiologik omillarning birgalikdagi ta’siri ostida shakllanadi hamda diagnostik biomarker va terapevtik nishon sifatida istiqbolli.

Kalit so’zlar: аutizm spektri buzilishlari; og’iz bo’shlig’i mikrobiomi; og’iz bo’shlig’i disbiyozi; stomatologik salomatlik; og’iz bo’shlig’i gigiyenasi; og’iz-miya o’qi; bolalar

Abstract. Objective: to systematically analyse the relationship between dental health, oral hygiene and oral microbiome alterations in children with ASD and to identify the behavioral and sensory determinants of the characteristic dysbiotic pattern. Methods: systematic search in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to March 2025. Results: 20 publications were included. Caries prevalence in ASD reaches 60.6% and periodontitis 69.4%. The dysbiotic signature is characterised by enrichment of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Rothia and Proteobacteria alongside depletion of Prevotella, Fusobacterium and Actinomyces. Oral dysbiosis is linked to neuroinflammation through the oral-brain axis. Intranasal oxytocin modulates oral microbiome composition (RCT, n = 80). Conclusion: the oral microbiome in ASD is shaped by a combination of behavioral, nutritional and neurobiological factors and holds promise as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder; oral microbiome; oral dysbiosis; dental health; oral hygiene; oral-brain axis; children

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