ИММУННАЯ ТРОМБОЦИТОПЕНИЯ У ВЗРОСЛЫХ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА, ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ
- Авторы:Бегалиева Рахат Махсетбаевна
- Дата публикации:September 25, 2026
- Тип:Статья
- DOI: 10.64156/mju.9771 Скопировано
- Том / № Выпуска:Том 1 №5 (2026)
Аннотация
Аннотация: Иммунная тромбоцитопения у взрослых представляет собой гетерогенное аутоиммунное заболевание, при котором ускоренное периферическое разрушение тромбоцитов сочетается с иммунным повреждением мегакариоцитов и недостаточным образованием новых тромбоцитов. В статье обобщены данные об антителозависимом и Т-клеточном повреждении, десиалировании, диагностической верификации заболевания и современных вариантах лечения.
Цель исследования: Систематизация современных представлений о патогенезе, диагностических подходах и лечении иммунной тромбоцитопении у взрослых с акцентом на персонализацию терапии.
Материалы и методы: Проведен целенаправленный поиск и анализ научных публикаций, отобранных по соответствию теме патогенеза, диагностики и лечения иммунной тромбоцитопении у взрослых. Поиск научной литературы проводился в международных базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и Google Scholar.
Результаты: Обобщены иммунные механизмы заболевания, критерии исключающей диагностики и последовательность терапии.
Заключение: По данным рассмотренных авторов, ведение взрослых пациентов с ИТП должно учитывать выраженность кровоточивости, сопутствующие факторы, переносимость и результат предшествующей терапии. Расширение знаний о патогенезе формирует основу для применения таргетных средств.
Ключевые слова: иммунная тромбоцитопения; тромбоциты; аутоантитела; десиалирование; мегакариоциты; диагностика; глюкокортикостероиды; агонисты рецептора тромбопоэтина; ритуксимаб; фостаматиниб.
Annotatsiya: Kattalarda immun trombotsitopeniya trombotsitlarning periferik qonda tez parchalanishi megakariositlarning immun shikastlanishi va yangi trombotsitlar hosil bo‘lishining yetarli emasligi bilan birga kechadigan geterogen autoimmun kasallik hisoblanadi. Maqolada antitanaga bog‘liq va T-hujayrali shikastlanish, desializatsiya, kasallikni diagnostik tasdiqlash hamda zamonaviy davolash usullariga oid ma’lumotlar umumlashtirilgan.
Tadqiqot maqsadi: Kattalarda immun trombotsitopeniyaning patogenezi, diagnostik yondashuvlari va davolash usullari haqidagi zamonaviy qarashlarni terapiyani individuallashtirishga alohida e’tibor qaratgan holda tizimlashtirish.
Materiallar va usullar: Kattalarda immun trombotsitopeniyaning patogenezi, diagnostikasi va davolashiga oid mavzuga muvofiq ilmiy nashrlarni maqsadli izlash va tahlil qilish amalga oshirildi. Ilmiy adabiyotlar PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science va Google Scholar xalqaro ma’lumotlar bazalarida izlandi.
Natijalar: Kasallikning immun mexanizmlari, istisno qilishga asoslangan diagnostika mezonlari va davolashning izchil bosqichlari umumlashtirildi.
Xulosa: Ko‘rib chiqilgan mualliflar ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, immun trombotsitopeniyasi bo‘lgan katta yoshli bemorlarni davolashda qon ketish darajasi, hamroh omillar, davolashning o‘zlashtirilishi va avvalgi terapiya natijalari hisobga olinishi lozim. Kasallik patogenezi haqidagi bilimlarning kengayishi target preparatlarni qo‘llash uchun ilmiy asos yaratadi.
Kalit so‘zlar: immun trombotsitopeniya; trombotsitlar; autoantitanalar; desializatsiya; megakariositlar; diagnostika; glyukokortikosteroidlar; trombopoetin retseptori agonistlari; rituksimab; fostamatinib.
Abstract: Immune thrombocytopenia in adults is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder in which accelerated peripheral platelet destruction is accompanied by immune-mediated megakaryocyte injury and insufficient production of new platelets. This article summarizes current evidence on antibody-mediated and T-cell-mediated damage, desialylation, diagnostic verification of the disease, and contemporary treatment options.
Objective: To systematize current concepts of the pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in adults, with particular emphasis on individualized therapy.
Materials and methods: A targeted search and analysis of scientific publications were performed. The publications were selected according to their relevance to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in adults. The literature search was conducted in the international databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
Results: The immune mechanisms of the disease, the criteria for diagnosis by exclusion, and the sequence of therapeutic interventions were summarized.
Conclusion: According to the reviewed studies, the management of adults with immune thrombocytopenia should take into account the severity of bleeding, associated clinical factors, treatment tolerability, and the outcomes of previous therapy. Expanding knowledge of the disease pathogenesis provides a basis for the use of targeted therapeutic agents.
Кeywords: immune thrombocytopenia; platelets; autoantibodies; desialylation; megakaryocytes; diagnosis; glucocorticosteroids; thrombopoietin receptor agonists; rituximab; fostamatinib.
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