OZIQ-OVQAT XAVFSIZLIGI XAVF OMILLARI BILAN BOG‘LIQ KASALLIKLAR PROFILAKTIKASINING ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLARI VA USLUBIY MUAMMOLARI
- Авторы:Rasulov Fozil Xasanovich, Xakimov Rahmatillo Abdusalomovich
- Дата публикации:September 25, 2026
- Тип:Статья
- DOI: 10.64156/mju.9759 Скопировано
- Том / № Выпуска:Том 1 №5 (2026)
Аннотация
Tadqiqot maqsadi. Oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi xavf omillari bilan bog‘liq kasalliklar profilaktikasi bo‘yicha zamonaviy dalillar bazasini kasallik yuki, xavf omillari tuzilmasi, boshqaruv tizimlari va aholiga qaratilgan aralashuvlarni adabiyotlar tahlili asosida qiyosiy baholash va uslubiy muammolarni aniqlash.
Annotatsiya. Mazkur maqolada global epidemiologik sintezlar, sistematik sharhlar, metaanalizlar hamda xalqaro va milliy me’yoriy hujjatlar tahlil qilingan. Tahlil natijasida oziq-ovqat orqali yuqadigan kasalliklarning global yuki yiliga 600 million kasallanish holati, 420 ming o‘lim va 33 million DALYni tashkil etishi, o‘limning uchdan bir qismi (125 ming) besh yoshgacha bolalar hissasiga to‘g‘ri kelishi tasdiqlangan. Xavf omillari qamrovi 31 tadan 42 taga kengaytirilib, unga birinchi marta og‘ir metallar kiritilgan. Boshqaruv tizimlari samaradorligi masalasida hal etilmagan qarama-qarshilik aniqlanib, uning ildizi jarayon va yakuniy natija ko‘rsatkichlarining almashtirilishida ekani ko‘rsatilgan. Aholiga va oziq-ovqat bilan ishlovchi xodimlarga qaratilgan ta’lim aralashuvlarining samaradorligi metaanalitik darajada isbotlangan. Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasiga oid dalillar bazasi o‘ta cheklangan: 20 ta manbadan faqat bittasi mintaqaga bevosita tegishli.
Materiallar va usullar. PubMed, Springer Nature ma’lumotlar bazalarida hamda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchilik ma’lumotlari milliy bazasida (lex.uz) 2017–2026-yillar oralig‘ida qidiruv o‘tkazildi. Kiritish mezonlari: global yoki mintaqaviy epidemiologik sintezlar, sistematik sharhlar va metaanalizlar, xalqaro tashkilotlarning rasmiy hujjatlari, amaldagi milliy me’yoriy hujjatlar. Yakuniy tahlilga 20 ta manba tanlab olindi. Tahlil tematik guruhlash va dalillar darajasi bo‘yicha tanqidiy baholash usullari bilan bajarildi.
Xulosa. Profilaktik chora-tadbirlar samaradorligi jarayon ko‘rsatkichlari orqali emas, balki yakuniy epidemiologik ko‘rsatkichlar orqali baholanishi lozim. Mintaqada aholining oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi bo‘yicha bilimi va amaliyotini o‘rganish hamda kimyoviy ekspozitsiyaning kompleks bahosini olish birinchi darajali ilmiy vazifa hisoblanadi.
Kalit so‘zlar: oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi, alimentar kasalliklar, xavf omillari, profilaktika, kasallik yuki, HACCP, og‘ir metallar, Markaziy Osiyo.
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