GLUTEN SAQLOVCHI OZIQ-OVQAT MAHSULOTLARINING INSON SALOMATLIGIGA TA’SIRI VA ULARNI NAZORAT QILISH USULLARI SHARHI
- Авторы:Abdullaeva Dilafruz G‘ayratovna, Razikov Farrux Ibragim o‘g‘li, Abdullaeva Dilafruz G‘ayratovna, Razikov Farrux Ibragim o‘g‘li
- Дата публикации:September 25, 2026
- Тип:Статья
- DOI: 10.64156/mju.9762 Скопировано
- Том / № Выпуска:Том 1 №5 (2026)
Аннотация
Annotatsiya: Gluten bug‘doy, javdar va arpa tarkibidagi prolamin hamda glutelin oqsillarining umumlashtiruvchi nomi bo‘lib, oziq-ovqat texnologiyasida xamirning elastikligi va mahsulot tuzilishini shakllantiradi. Biroq genetik moyil shaxslarda u selyakiya, IgE vositasidagi bug‘doy allergiyasi va noselyakik gluten sezgirligi bilan bog‘liq klinik holatlarni yuzaga keltirishi mumkin.
Mazkur sharhning maqsadi gluten saqlovchi mahsulotlarning inson salomatligiga ta’siri, glyutensiz parhezning afzallik va cheklovlari, oziq-ovqatdagi glutenni aniqlash usullari hamda parhezga rioya etilishini baholash imkoniyatlarini tanqidiy tahlil qilishdan iborat. Tahlil uchun 2017 — 2022-yillarda nashr etilgan 20 ta ilmiy manba klinik, oziqlanish va laboratoriya yo‘nalishlari bo‘yicha guruhlanib, tanqidiy-narrativ sintez qilindi.
Natijalar selyakiyada ichak so‘rg‘ichlari atrofiyasi, malabsorbsiya, kamqonlik, temir, folat, kalsiy, magniy va D vitamini yetishmovchiligi xavfi mavjudligini ko‘rsatdi. Glyutensiz parhez shilliq qavat tiklanishi va simptomlar kamayishining asosiy sharti bo‘lsa-da, tijoriy glyutensiz mahsulotlarga ortiqcha tayanish ratsion tolasi va mikronutrientlar yetishmovchiligiga olib kelishi mumkin. Noselyakik gluten sezgirligida ayrim simptomlarning gluten emas, balki fruktanlar yoki nosebo javobi bilan bog‘liqligi aniqlangan. Oziq-ovqatdagi glutenni aniqlashda ELISA amaliy usul bo‘lib qolmoqda, LC-MS/MS murakkab va gidrolizlangan mahsulotlarni tekshirishda, lateral oqim testlari esa tezkor skriningda samaralidir. Siydik va najasdagi gluten immunogen peptidlari parhezdagi yaqindagi chetlanishni aniqlash imkonini beradi. Gluten bilan bog‘liq xavflarni boshqarish klinik tashxis, dietologik kuzatuv, ishlab chiqarish gigiyenasi va laboratoriya nazoratini birlashtirgan kompleks yondashuvga asoslanishi lozim.
Kalit so‘zlar: gluten, selyakiya, glyutensiz parhez, oziqlanish holati, ELISA, LC-MS/MS, gluten immunogen peptidlari.
Аннотация: Глютен — общее название проламиновых и глютелиновых белков пшеницы, ржи и ячменя, определяющих эластичность теста и структуру продукта. У генетически предрасположенных лиц он может вызывать целиакию, IgE-опосредованную аллергию на пшеницу и нецелиакическую чувствительность к глютену.
Цель обзора — критически оценить влияние глютенсодержащих продуктов на здоровье, преимущества и ограничения безглютеновой диеты, методы обнаружения глютена и возможности контроля соблюдения диеты. Для анализа 20 источников, опубликованных в 2017–2022 гг., сгруппировали по клиническим, диетологическим и лабораторным направлениям и провели критический нарративный синтез.
Результаты показали, что при целиакии существует риск атрофии кишечных ворсинок, мальабсорбции, анемии и дефицита железа, фолиевой кислоты, кальция, магния и витамина D. Хотя безглютеновая диета необходима для восстановления слизистой оболочки и уменьшения симптомов, чрезмерное употребление коммерческих безглютеновых продуктов может вызвать дефицит пищевых волокон и микронутриентов. При нецелиакической чувствительности отдельные симптомы могут быть связаны не с глютеном, а с фруктанами или ноцебо-реакцией. ELISA остается практичным методом обнаружения глютена, LC-MS/MS эффективен при анализе сложных и гидролизованных продуктов, а тесты с боковым потоком — при экспресс-скрининге. Иммуногенные пептиды глютена в моче и кале позволяют выявлять недавние нарушения диеты. Управление глютен-ассоциированными рисками требует комплексного подхода, сочетающего клиническую диагностику, диетологический мониторинг, гигиену производства и лабораторный контроль.
Ключевые слова: глютен, целиакия, безглютеновая диета, состояние питания, ELISA, LC-MS/MS, иммуногенные пептиды глютена.
Abstract: Gluten is the collective term for prolamin and glutelin proteins in wheat, rye, and barley, which determine dough elasticity and product structure. However, in genetically predisposed individuals, gluten can trigger celiac disease, IgE-mediated wheat allergy, or non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
This review critically evaluates the effects of gluten-containing foods on human health, the benefits and limitations of a gluten-free diet, methods for detecting gluten in food, and approaches to assessing dietary adherence. Twenty scientific sources published between 2017 and 2022 were grouped into clinical, nutritional, and laboratory domains and analyzed through critical narrative synthesis.
The evidence indicates that celiac disease is associated with intestinal villous atrophy, malabsorption, anemia, and deficiencies of iron, folate, calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D. Although a gluten-free diet is essential for mucosal recovery and symptom reduction, excessive reliance on commercial gluten-free products may result in inadequate dietary fiber and micronutrient intake. In non-celiac gluten sensitivity, some symptoms may be attributable to fructans or a nocebo response rather than gluten itself. ELISA remains a practical method for detecting gluten in food; LC-MS/MS is effective for analyzing complex and hydrolyzed products, while lateral flow tests are suitable for rapid screening. Gluten immunogenic peptides in urine and feces can detect recent dietary transgressions. Effective management of gluten-related risks requires an integrated approach combining accurate clinical diagnosis, dietetic monitoring, manufacturing hygiene, and laboratory control.
Keywords: gluten, celiac disease, gluten-free diet, nutritional status, ELISA, LC-MS/MS, gluten immunogenic peptides.
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