O’PKA SARATONI — EPIDEMIOLOGIYA, PATOGENEZI VA MOLEKULYAR JIHATLARI
- Авторы:Yusupbekov Abrorjon Axmedjanovich, Madiyorov Baxtiyor Tashpulotovich, Sadullayeva Kholniso, Saburova Umida
- Дата публикации:March 24, 2026
- Тип:Статья
- DOI: 10.64156/mju.9053 Скопировано
- Том / № Выпуска:Том 1 №2 (2026)
Аннотация
Annotatsiya: O’pka raki hozirgi kunda deyarli barcha davlatlarda eng keng tarqalgan xavfli saraton kasalliklaridan biri bo’lib, butun dunyo bo’ylab saraton kasalliklari orasida ko’p hollarda o’lim bilan tugovchi kasallik hisoblanadi. Tashxislash va davolashda erishilayotgan yangi yutuqlarga qaramay, o’pka saratoni tashxisi qo’yilgan bemorlarning 5yillik yashovchanlik darajasi pastligicha qolmoqda. Maqolada o’pka saratoning epidemiologiyasi, patogenezi, va molekulyar jihatlari bo’yicha so’nggi ma’lumotlarni taqdim etiladi. Oxirgi o’n yillarda o’pka saratoni kelib chiqishi va rivojlanishida samarali bo’lgan ko’plab molekulyar o’zgarishlar aniqlandi. Xususan, adenokarsinomada uchrovchi EGFR mutatsiyalari, ALK va ROS1 translokatsiyalari uchun maxsus tirozinkinaz ingibitorlari ishlab chiqildi va bu rivojlangan bosqichdagi adenokarsinomani davolashda foydalanila boshladi. Shuningdek, RET, ROS, DDR-2, FGFR va MET kabi terapevtik molekulyar genlari bo’yicha tadqiqotlar olib borilmoqda. Tashxislash va davolash usullarning doimiy rivojlanishi o’pka saratoni bilan og’rigan bemorlarda erta tashxislash, samarali davolalanishni yaxshilanishiga umid bermoqda.
Kalit so’zlar: o’pka saratoni; adenokarsinoma; mutatsiya; translokatsiya; target terapiya.
Abstract: Lung cancer is currently one of the most prevalent malignancies in nearly all countries and remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite emerging advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics, the five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with lung cancer continues to be low. This article provides the latest data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular aspects of lung cancer. Over the past decades, numerous molecular alterations critical to the onset and progression of lung cancer have been identified. Specifically, targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed for EGFR mutations, as well as ALK and ROS1 translocations commonly found in adenocarcinoma, and are now utilized in treating advanced-stage disease. Furthermore, research is ongoing into other therapeutic molecular targets such as RET, ROS, DDR-2, FGFR, and MET. The continuous evolution of diagnostic and treatment modalities offers hope for improved early detection and more effective clinical outcomes for patients suffering from lung cancer.
Keywords: lung cancer; adenocarcinoma; mutation; translocation; targeted therapy.
Аннотация: Рак легких в настоящее время является одним из самых распространенных злокачественных новообразований почти во всех странах и остается ведущей причиной смертности от рака во всем мире. Несмотря на новые достижения в области диагностики и лечения, пятилетняя выживаемость пациентов с диагнозом рака легких остается низкой. В статье представлены последние данные по эпидемиологии, патогенезу и молекулярным аспектам рака легких. За последние десятилетия было выявлено множество молекулярных изменений, играющих ключевую роль в возникновении и прогрессировании заболевания. В частности, для мутаций EGFR, а также транслокаций ALK и ROS1, встречающихся при аденокарциноме, были разработаны специфические ингибиторы тирозинкиназы, которые стали применяться при лечении запущенных стадий. Также ведутся исследования терапевтических мишеней в таких генах, как RET, ROS, DDR-2, FGFR и MET. Постоянное развитие методов диагностики и лечения дает надежду на улучшение раннего выявления и повышение эффективности терапии у пациентов с раком легких.
Ключевые слова: рак легкого; аденокарцинома; мутация; транслокация; таргетная терапия.
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